Comparison of the PTSD Symptoms, Depression and Anxiety between Bereaved and Non-Bereaved Survivors after Wenchuan Earthquake

目的 探討在地震災害發生半年后喪親者與非喪親者創傷后應激障礙、焦慮和抑郁的關系及對比情況.方法 采用一般情況凋查表、創傷后應激障礙(PTSD)檢查表、貝克抑郁量表(BDI)、漢密爾頓焦慮量表(HAMA)在地震半年后對都汀堰災區安置點的人群560人進行調查.結果 10.9%的被調查者在地震中喪失親人.喪親組符合PTSD癥狀診斷的比例(44.4%)顯著高于非喪親組(15.1%)(t=4.737,P<0.05).喪親組中重度抑郁、焦慮和自殺觀念的發生率分別為55.5%、44.4%和44.5%顯著高于非喪親組17.4%、16.7%和14.2%(χ2=46.522,P<0.01).喪親組符合PTSD癥狀診斷者中合并中重度抑郁的占79.2%,合并焦慮或明顯焦慮的占75%;中重度抑郁中合并焦慮或明顯焦慮的占83.4%.抑郁總分、焦慮總分、既往焦慮、噩夢、喪親后感到寂寞為喪親者創傷后應激障礙癥狀的預測因素.結論 地震災區喪親者的抑郁、焦慮、自殺觀念及符合PTSD癥狀診斷的均較非喪親者高.喪親人群的抑郁、焦慮及PTSD癥狀三者共病率高.喪親者PTSD癥狀的預測因素足多方面的. Objective To compare the differences of PTSD symptoms, depression and anxiety between bereaved and non-bereaved survivors, and to explore the risk factors of PTSD among victims of the Sichuan earthquake 2008. Methods To investigate the mental health status among 560 survivors of disaster six-month after the earthquake using post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Results There were 10.9% of victims who lost their relatives in the earthquake. The rates of PTSD symptoms among bereaved survivors (44.4% ) were significantly higher than non-bereaved group (15.1% ) (P<0.05). The rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among bereaved survivors (55.5% , 44.4%, and 44.5% ) were significantly higher than that of the non-bereaved group respectively ( 17.4%, 16.7%, and 14.2% ) (P