Equivalence of polynomials under automorphisms of K [x, y]

Let K [x, y] be the algebra of polynomials in two variables over an arbitrary field K. We show that if the maximum of the x- and y-degrees of a given polynomial p (x, y) cannot be decreased by a single triangular or linear automorphism of K [x, y], then it cannot be decreased by any automorphism of K [x, y]. If K is an algebraically closed constructible field, this result yields an algorithm for deciding whether or not two polynomials p, q ∈ K [x, y] are equivalent under an automorphism of K [x, y]. We also show that if there is an automorphism of K [x, y] taking p to q, then it is "almost" unique. More precisely: if an automorphism α of K [x, y] is not conjugate to a triangular or linear automorphism, then any polynomial invariant (or even semiinvariant) under α is a constant. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.preprin