Psychological burden of testing positive for high-risk human papillomavirus on women with atypical cervical cytology: A prospective study

Objective. To assess the psychological burden of testing positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) on Chinese women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Five community women's health clinics in Hong Kong. Population. Ethnic Chinese women (n=299) with ASCUS who underwent reflex HPV testing (of whom 142 tested HPV negative and 157 tested HPV positive). Methods. Women's psychological condition was assessed by self-administered questionnaires at smear result notification and by structured telephone interviews six months after notification. All women who tested positive for HPV were referred for colposcopy. Main outcome measures. State anxiety, cervical cancer worry and psychosocial burden. Results. At result notification, the HPV-positive group had significantly higher state anxiety, cervical cancer worry and psychosocial burden than the HPV-negative group (all p