Problems in Ensuring Export Disciplines Based on the Parallelism : The Case of Skim Milk

In the ongoing WTO Doha Round Agricultural Negotiation, ensuring the export disciplines is one of the important issues. In the Agreed Framework in 2004, WTO members agreed to ensure the parallel elimination of all forms of export subsidies and disciplines on all export measures with equivalent effect (Parallelism). Exporting State Trading Enterprises are typical system with equivalent effects of export subsidies. And in 2005, WTO members agreed to eliminate export subsidies. In addition, eliminating export monopoly power of Exporting State Trading Enterprises by 2013 was described in Chairperson\u27s texts 2008. As above, the issues about ensuring the export disciplines seem to be progressing. But it is not certain whether ensuring the export disciplines based on the Parallelism is actually achieved by 2013. Then, the purpose of this paper is to make clear problems in ensuring export disciplines based on Parallelism. First, we explain current situations of export subsidies and Exporting State Trading Enterprises in the case of skim milk. Next, we discuss the feasibility of ensuring export disciplines based on Parallelism. The main results are as follows. 1) Export subsidies have already been eliminated. 2) It is difficult, especially in Canada, to eliminate export monopoly power of Exporting State Trading Enterprises by 2013