Practicing belonging and navigating uncertainties: the case of Congolese diasporans in South Africa

This thesis provides insight into south-south mobility within Africa, thus confronting atlanticized research lenses that focus on south-north movements. The case of Congolese diasporans in South Africa iCars in the center of attention. The thesis reflects a generation- and space-sensitive approach. The diaspora concept, belonging, and empowerment are examined. Ethnographic fieldwork for this thesis was carried out in 2018 for a period of three months both in Johannesburg as well as in Cape Town. Volunteering and the notion of apprenticeship constituted the ethical backbone of that fieldwork, which aimed at a reciprocal relationship of give-and-take between participants and the researcher. Triangulation of interactive methods combined with volunteering facilitated deep immersion into the research context. Results allowed for modifications of the concepts of diaspora, belonging, and empowerment. The thesis interlinks categories of belonging with uncertainty via continua of belonging. Uncertainty was closely linked to the prevalent danger of afrophobia in South Africa. Coping mechanisms and the empowering nature of Pan-Africanism among young generations set a positive, courageous tone for future developments