Functionality of lipase and emulsifiers in low-fat cakes with inulin

The functional effects of lipase (0.003 and 0.006 g/100 g of flour) and emulsifier (0.5 and 1 g/100 g of flour) on fat-replaced (0%, 50% and 70%) batters and cakes with inulin (0, 7.5 and 10 g/100 g/of flour, respectively) were studied. Emulsifier addition significantly lowered the relative density of the batter. Emulsifier incorporation increased the viscoelastic properties of the batter. In contrast, lipase incorporation decreased the degree of system structuring. The evolution of the dynamic moduli and complex viscosity with rising temperatures were studied. Batters with 1 g/100 g emulsifier displayed a significantly lower complex viscosity during heating, resulting in collapsed cakes. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the thermal setting in the control cakes occurred at higher temperatures, and accordingly, greater cake expansion was observed. Cakes with 0.003 g/100 g lipase or 0.5 g/100 g emulsifier displayed volume and crumb cell structure that were similar to those of control cakes. Higher concentrations of both improvers gave rise to cakes with lower volume, higher hardness and lower springiness. During storage time, cakes with lipase displayed lower hardness. Both improvers, at low concentrations, could improve certain physical characteristics, such as crumb structure, of fat-replaced cakes with inulin.The authors are indebted to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project AGL2009-12785-C02-02) for financial support. The authors are grateful to the Conselleria de Educacion of the Valencia Government for financing the contract and a supplementary grant for the stay of research of author Julia Rodriguez-Garcia. The authors also thank Sensus Company for the inulin supply and Campden BRI for the accessibility to their materials, methods, and laboratories. Moreover, the authors are grateful to Campden BRI and specifically to Gary Tucker, for his support and Paul Catteral for his guidance in the research and discussion of the results.Rodriguez Garcia, J.; Sahi, SS.; Hernando Hernando, MI. (2014). Functionality of lipase and emulsifiers in low-fat cakes with inulin. Food Science and Technology. 58(1):173-182. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2014.02.012S17318258