The discrete neural network for songbird vocal communication provides an effective system to study neural mechanisms of learned motor behaviors in vertebrates. This system consists of two pathways--a vocal motor pathway used to produce learned vocalizations and a vocal pallial basal ganglia loop used to learn and modify the vocalizations. However, it is not clear how the loop exerts control over the motor pathway. To study the mechanism, we used expression of the neural activity-induced gene ZENK (or egr-1), which shows singing-regulated expression in a social context-dependent manner: high levels in both pathways when singing undirected and low levels in the lateral part of the loop and in the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) of the ...
The acquisition of complex motor sequences often proceeds through trial-and-error learning, requirin...
Across species, the performance of vocal signals can be modulated by the social environment. Zebra f...
The songbird area X is a basal ganglia homolog that contains two pallidal cell types—local neurons t...
Both avian and mammalian basal ganglia are involved in voluntary motor control. In birds, such movem...
Both avian and mammalian basal ganglia are involved in voluntary motor control. In birds, such movem...
SummarySimilarities between speech and birdsong make songbirds advantageous for investigating the ne...
targets. We validated biological pathways not previ- inspired method (Supplemental Experimental Proc...
International audienceBirdsong may have several functions as a communicative signal. Zebra finches?p...
The cortical nucleus LMAN provides the output of a basal ganglia pathway that is necessary for vocal...
There is increased neuronal firing in the high vocal center (a motor nucleus) and other song nuclei ...
Basal ganglia (BG) circuits integrate sensory and motor-related information from the cortex, thalamu...
Mechanisms for the evolution of convergent behavioral traits are largely unknown. Vocal learning is ...
<div><p>Mechanisms for the evolution of convergent behavioral traits are largely unknown. Vocal lear...
In songbirds, as in mammals, basal ganglia-forebrain circuits are necessary for the learning and pro...
Abstract Background Production of contextually appropriate social behaviors involves integrated acti...
The acquisition of complex motor sequences often proceeds through trial-and-error learning, requirin...
Across species, the performance of vocal signals can be modulated by the social environment. Zebra f...
The songbird area X is a basal ganglia homolog that contains two pallidal cell types—local neurons t...
Both avian and mammalian basal ganglia are involved in voluntary motor control. In birds, such movem...
Both avian and mammalian basal ganglia are involved in voluntary motor control. In birds, such movem...
SummarySimilarities between speech and birdsong make songbirds advantageous for investigating the ne...
targets. We validated biological pathways not previ- inspired method (Supplemental Experimental Proc...
International audienceBirdsong may have several functions as a communicative signal. Zebra finches?p...
The cortical nucleus LMAN provides the output of a basal ganglia pathway that is necessary for vocal...
There is increased neuronal firing in the high vocal center (a motor nucleus) and other song nuclei ...
Basal ganglia (BG) circuits integrate sensory and motor-related information from the cortex, thalamu...
Mechanisms for the evolution of convergent behavioral traits are largely unknown. Vocal learning is ...
<div><p>Mechanisms for the evolution of convergent behavioral traits are largely unknown. Vocal lear...
In songbirds, as in mammals, basal ganglia-forebrain circuits are necessary for the learning and pro...
Abstract Background Production of contextually appropriate social behaviors involves integrated acti...
The acquisition of complex motor sequences often proceeds through trial-and-error learning, requirin...
Across species, the performance of vocal signals can be modulated by the social environment. Zebra f...
The songbird area X is a basal ganglia homolog that contains two pallidal cell types—local neurons t...