The role of orexins/hypocretins in alcohol use and abuse: an appetitive-reward relationship

Orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides synthesized in neurons located in the lateral (LH), perifornical, and dorsomedial (DMH) hypothalamus. These neurons innervate many regions in the brain and modulate multiple other neurotransmitter systems. As a result of these extensive projections and interactions orexins are involved in numerous functions, such as feeding behavior, neuroendocrine regulation, the sleep-wake cycle, and reward-seeking. This review will summarize the literature to date which has evaluated a role of orexins in the behavioral effects of alcohol, with a focus on understanding the importance of this peptide and its potential as a clinical therapeutic target for alcohol use disorders.NHMRC (Australia)Pratt FoundationVictorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support ProgramConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Besen FoundationUniv Melbourne, Florey Neurosci Inst, Behav Neurosci Div, Addict Neurosci Lab, Parkville, Vic 3010, AustraliaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Melbourne, Ctr Neurosci, Parkville, Vic 3010, AustraliaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc