Right Pneumonectomy Syndrome A Late Life-Threatening Complication of Pneumonectomy

Background: Right pneumonectomy syndrome, a rare complication of pneumonectomy, is secondary to a shift of the mediastinum and remaining lung toward the pneumonectomy side, leading to extrinsic airway compression and stretching.Case: A 6-year-old boy started with initial symptoms of dyspnea on exertion, wheezing, and recurrent pneumonia 6 months after his right pneumonectomy. He received treatment with bronchodilators and antibiotics during outpatient clinic visits. Two months later, he developed increased wheezing and productive cough. A pulmonary function test showed severe reduction in expiratory volumes. He had a cardiopulmonary arrest while a surgical intervention was being planned. Chest roentgenogram showed shift of the heart and mediastinal structures into the right hemithorax with left lung hyperexpansion and no fluid in the right hemithorax. A computed tomogram of the chest revealed marked narrowing of the proximal left mainstem bronchus. He underwent thoracotomy, and a silicone prosthesis was inserted into the right hemithorax, resulting in restoration of the structures to the midline. the child presented severe neurological sequelae.Conclusions: Postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare but life-threatening complication after pneumonectomy. Because it may mimic other conditions and given the consequences can be devastating, early recognition and intervention are required to ensure a favorable outcome.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Hosp Estadual Diadema, Dept Pediat, Pediat Intens Care Unit, BR-09980150 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Hosp Estadual Diadema, Div Cardiovasc & Thorac Surg, BR-09980150 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Hosp Estadual Diadema, Dept Pediat, Pediat Intens Care Unit, BR-09980150 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Hosp Estadual Diadema, Div Cardiovasc & Thorac Surg, BR-09980150 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc