Technological Spillover and Collaboration on Research

[[abstract]]因爲產業特性與社會環境的不同，在不同產業與不同社會，廠商間的技術外溢程度會跟著不同；在形成同業研發聯盟時，夥伴間的合作程度也會有高低不同。本文的目的在探討，是否研發聯盟的形成，都是必要的？本文發現，研發聯盟的形成是否能提高社會福利，需視聯盟成員間的合作程度，以及廠商間的技術外溢程度而定。本文所得的結果爲，在競爭性研發聯盟，聯盟的形成是否必要，需視研發成果的外溢程度而定；當外溢程度低，聯盟的形成是必要的，但只需包括產業中的部份廠商；當外溢率高過某個程度，不要形成聯盟則是最佳的選擇。在卡特爾研發聯盟，不論外溢程度高低，聯盟的形成是必要的，而且最好是能包含產業內之大部分廠商。[[abstract]]Difference in industrial characteristics and social environment could cause the degree of technology spillovers between firms to be different. And that will also cause the degree of collaborative intensity in research alliance (RA) to be different as firms forming RA. In Competitive RA, cooperative intensity between firms is low. On the other hand, in Cartel RA, cooperative intensity between firms is high. Under different types of RA and different degree of technological spillovers, the main purpose of this paper is to explore the necessity for the competitors in the industry to form RA. The results of this paper are following. If the alliance formed is Competitive RA, then, whether it is optimal to form RA or not depend on the degree of technology spillovers. As the spillover rate is low or medium, it is optimal that the RA only includes part of firms in the industry. However, as the rate is greater than some critical value, it is better that all firms do R&D by themselves. If the alliance formed is Cartel RA, then, no matter what levels of the spillover rate, it is always optimal to form Cartel RA, and furthermore, it is better that the RA includes most firms in the industry