Geometrically nonlinear analysis of thin-walled composite box beams

A general geometrically nonlinear model for thin-walled composite space beams with arbitrary lay-ups under various types of loadings has been presented by using variational formulation based on the classical lamination theory. The nonlinear governing equations are derived and solved by means of an incremental Newton–Raphson method. A displacement-based one-dimensional finite element model that accounts for the geometric nonlinearity in the von Kármán sense is developed. Numerical results are obtained for thin-walled composite box beam under vertical load to investigate the effect of geometric nonlinearity and address the effects of the fiber orientation, laminate stacking sequence, load parameter on axial–flexural–torsional response