The influence of both urea and 2,2,2

The influence of external agents on proteins function and structure is essential\ud to elucidate the unfolding pathways and self-assemble properties. The knowledge\ud of the protein amyloid fibril formation process is important due to the\ud fields that this subjected is related, in particular for the neurodegenerative\ud disorders. In the present work we studied the influence of both urea and\ud 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) and temperature on the structure and proteinprotein\ud interactions of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), by means of UV-Vis\ud spectroscopy, static fluorescence and small angle X-ray scattering technique.\ud The experiments were performed in samples composed by 10 and 3 mg/ml of\ud BSA at pH 5.8, near the protein pI. First, Thioflavin-T fluorescence measurements\ud indicated that urea, in the absence of TFE, was able to increase the\ud amyloid fibril formation of BSA at 45oC and increasing the urea concentration\ud the rate of amyloid fibril formation also increases. Concerning the presence\ud of TFE, SAXS data suggest that BSA tridimensional structure is not\ud altered by the presence of TFE 5% and 10% v/v in all studied protein concentrations.\ud Interestingly, the presence of TFE on the urea-containing BSA also\ud increases the rate of amyloid fibril formation, as compared to the TFE-free\ud system, indicating that TFE can catalyze the amyloid-fibril formation. The\ud presence of TFE 20% v/v, however, induces the formation of aggregates,\ud but at this time we were not able to infer if such aggregates are amyloidlike\ud or amorphous. Taking together, the results give support to infer that\ud BSA can for fibrils in the presence of urea at 45oC and TFE can act as a stabilizer\ud or as a denaturant agent for BSA.FAPESPCAPE