Topical Brazilian propolis improves corneal wound healing and inflammation in rats following alkali burns

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud \ud The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the Brazilian Scaptotrigona sp propolis, a widely used folk medicine, in corneal wound healing and inflammation.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud Corneal epithelial defects of 1 mm in diameter were made in the right eyes of Wistar male adult rats by cauterization with silver nitrate sticks. Subsequently, they were divided in two groups (n = 40 rats/group): Brazilian propolis (BP) group was topically treated with a microemulsion containing 1% Brazilian propolis; vehicle (VH) group received the same formulation without propolis. The epithelial defect area was photographed and measured at t = 0 (wound induction), and after 12, 24, 48 and 120 h of treatment. The inflammatory response was evaluated based on counting of neutrophils. Epithelial regeneration rates were determined based on Ki-67 expression in basal epithelial cells. Comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann–Whitney U test.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud The BP group presented both smaller epithelial defect areas at 12, 24 and 48 h and fewer corneal infiltrating neutrophils at 24 and 48 h (P < 0.01) than the VH group. These effects were associated with more pervasive Ki-67 staining in the BP group at 12 and 24 h (P < 0.05).\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud \ud Topically applied BP accelerated wound healing and reduced the inflammatory response to silver nitrate-induced corneal alkali burns in rats.The authors sincerely acknowledge Rosângela Orlandin Lopes, Mateus Freire Leite, Patrícia Modiano and Aline Turatti, of the Department of Pathology - Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo for their help with the histological preparations and photographs on this study. We also acknowledge the NIH Fellows Editorial Board for editorial assistance and Peter Sol Reinach for his careful assistance in the revision of the English grammar and style