Vibrational phase relaxation along the critical isochore of nitrogen: the role of local density fluctuations in the rate enhancement

Vibrational dephasing of the nitrogen molecule is known to show highly interesting anomalies near its gas-liquid critical point. Here we present theoretical and computational studies of the Raman linewidth of nitrogen along the critical isochore. The linewidth is found to have a lambda-shaped temperature dependence near the critical point. As observed in experimental studies, the calculated line shape becomes Gaussian as the critical temperature (Tc) is approached. Both the present simulation and a mode coupling theory analysis show that the slow decay of the enhanced density fluctuations near the critical point, probed at the subpicosecond time scales by vibrational frequency modulation, along with an enhanced vibration-rotation coupling, are the main causes of the observed anomalies