Detrital zircon provenance of Carboniferous sandstones of the Variscan Externides (SW Poland) : record of the eastern Variscides exhumation

The Variscan Externides in the area of south-western Poland (the basement of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline), are considered an extension of the Rheno-Hercynian Zone of the Variscan Orogen. The Externides are made of Carboniferous siliciclastic sediments, the exact stratigraphic age and provenance of which are not known in detail. To constrain the sedimentary evolution and detritus provenance of the Variscan external belt, eight sandstone samples from boreholes located in the area of SW Poland were selected for petrography, whole rock geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb dating. The results show abrupt change in detrital zircon U-Pb provenance, between strata that have been classified as Mississippian (L. Carboniferous) and Pennsylvanian (U. Carboniferous) based on previously published miospore zonation. The Pennsylvanian rocks (from the boreholes of Września-IG1 and Siciny IG1) bear a significant population of zircon grains with Lower Carboniferous ages (350-330 Ma), while such a zircon population is absent in Lower Carboniferous rocks (from the boreholes of Paproć-29 and Kobylin 1). The absence of Moscovian to Asselian zircons that are otherwise known from the adjacent areas with zircon-bearing volcanic activity, suggests that the studied Pennsylvanian sediments represent the lower part of Upper Carboniferous. The presented data indicate abrupt provenance change that occurred in the source areas at the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian turn, and that was probably caused by changes in the tectonic architecture of the Variscan Orogen. This tectonic changeover resulted in exhumation and erosion of the Lower Carboniferous rock complexes and manifested itself by recycling of the Lower Carboniferous zircon into Upper Carboniferous strata