The joint achievement of the United Nations sustainable development goal n°7 aiming at access to clean and reliable energy for all by 2030 and the climate objectives of the Paris agreement requires the development of microgrids (MG) powered by local renewable energy resources for isolated areas that cannot be connected to the grid. This is particularly the case in Sub-Saharan Africa where 600 million people, mainly in remote rural areas, do not have access to electricity. This thesis focuses on the analysis of solar MG not connected to the grid to meet the challenges of electricity generation in isolated areas in Africa. The socio-technical feasibility specific to these MG is based on a strong temporal adequacy between the solar resource an...