Determinants of carbon management strategy adoption: Evidence from Australia's top 200 publicly listed firms

Purpose - The purpose of this longitudinal study is to examine the determinants of carbon management strategy (CMS) adoption among Australia's top 200 listed firms. Design/methodology/approach - A legitimacy theory framework is adopted to investigate whether any significant relationship exists between a firm's decision to adopt CMS and internal organisational factors, such as the presence of an environmental management system (EMS), as well as corporate governance factors like having an environmental committee, board size and board independence. Content analysis of Carbon Disclosure Project data and other publicly available information sourced from firm websites, annual reports and stand-alone sustainability reports is conducted, covering the period from 2008 to 2012. Findings - Logistic regression analyses confirm that firms adopting CMS are more likely to have an EMS, an environmental committee, larger board size and greater board independence. The study also finds significant association between CMS adoption, firm size, leverage and environmental sensitivity of the firm's industry. Originality/value - The study shows that internal organisational factors and corporate governance attributes play a vital role in maintaining organisational legitimacy through CMS adoption. The findings of this study should be of interest to report providers (i.e. reporting firms), report users (such as investors and consumers) and policymakers