Global trends in caffeine consumption and its sources in children, adolescents and adults

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine current trends in daily caffeine consumption, and its sources in children, adolescents and adults. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify nationally representative surveys on caffeine intake and its sources, collected over the last decade. Results: Over the past decade, data on caffeine consumption of over N=100.000 children, adolescents, adults and elderly has been gathered in USA, Europe, Asia and Australia. Discussion and Conclusions: Mean intake across all age groups is in line with recommendations of EFSA and Health Canada, and total daily caffeine intake over the past decade remained stable. Implications for Practice or Policy: Efforts to better inform consumers about their daily caffeine consumption would benefit from labelling of caffeine levels in coffee, tea and carbonated soft drinks, since together these beverages contribute to more than 90% of total daily caffeine consumption