Oncological patient and suicide

Uvod: Samomorilnost pri onkoloških bolnikih je pogosta in se najpogosteje pojavlja ob postavitvi diagnoze. Pomembno je odkrivanje povezanosti onkoloških bolezni in pojava želje po samomoru ter preventivno delovanje, pri čemer lahko uporabimo presejalne vprašalnike, medicinsko osebje pa mora biti strokovno usposobljeno in izurjeno pri prepoznavanju dejavnikov tveganja in pravočasnem ukrepanju. Metode: Zaključno delo je teoretične narave, uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda. Viri so pridobljeni iz podatkovnih baz: Medline, Pubmed ter Google Scholar. Upoštevani so vključitveni in izključitveni kriteriji. S pomočjo PRISME smo prikazali potek iskanja literature. Rezultati: Glavne kategorije dejavnikov tveganja za samomor so razdeljene na področje fizičnih (slaba fizična pripravljenost, kvaliteta življenja), psihičnih (anksioznost, depresija), socialnih (bela rasa, starejši bolniki, neporočeni bolniki) in fizioloških dejavnikov (komorbidnost). Za ukrepanje pa je ključno prepoznavanje takšnih dejavnikov pri onkološki bolnikih, pri čemer nam lahko pomaga uporaba presejalnih lestvic in orodij. Razprava in sklep: Prepoznavanje samomorilno ogroženih onkoloških bolnikov ostaja težaven proces, saj se depresivno razpoloženje in tesnobnost, lahko pri obravnavi skrijeta. Potrebno je vzpostaviti zaupen odnos z bolnikom, da se pridobi občutek varnosti. Pri zaposlenih v obravnavi onkološkega bolnika je potrebno ob vsem znanju uporabiti tudi empatijo (podajanje informacij na razumljiv način, pravilno obravnavo težav, ustrezen odnos). Ob medsebojnem spoštovanju in zaupanju lahko zdravstveno osebje ob pojavu samomorilnosti skupaj z bolnikom poskuša reševati težave.Introduction: Suicide in oncological patients is common and most frequently occurs at receiving a diagnosis. It is essential to detect the connection between oncological illnesses, the occurrence of suicidal ideation and preventive action, in which we can use screening questionnaires. Medical staff must be professional and well trained in identifying risk factorshence, they can act in time. Methods: The work is theoreticalwe have used the descriptive method. The sources we have obtained are from databases such as Medline, Pubmed and Google Scholar. We took into account the exclusion and inclusion criteria. With the help of PRISMA, we showed the course of literature search. Results: The main categories of suicide risk factors are divided into physical (low physical fitness, poor quality of life), mental (anxiety, depression), social (Caucasians, elderly patients, unmarried patients) and physiological factors (comorbidity). Identifying such factors in oncological patients is crucial. For recognizing these problems, the screening scales and tools are used. Discussion and conclusion: Identifying cancer patients, who are at risk by suicide remains a complicated process, as depressed mood and anxiety can be hidden during treatment. It is necessary to establish a confidential relationship with the patient to gain mutual trust and sense of security. Medical staff, using their knowledge, have to treat such patients using empathy (presenting useful information, correctly treated problems, appropriate attitude). With mutual respect and trust, medical staff can try to solve problems together with the patients when ideas about suicidal tendencies occur