Thermodynamic optimization of iron-silicate slag for simulation of copper smelting processes

Iron-silicate slag is of primary importance to various metallurgical processes, in particular to copper smelting. The ability to predict phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of iron-silicate slag in the complex chemical system pertaining to copper smelting, converting and slag cleaning is essential for further improvements in industrial operations. The current thermodynamic database for this system still requires further improvement for more accurate predictions. Thermodynamic optimization of the 'Cu2O'-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2-S system is the focus of the present stage of the work