A bírák kiválasztásának összehasonlító vizsgálata

The subject of my study is the recruitment of judges from a comparative approach. I have examined almost thirty countries from all continents with appraisable population, and the focus of my disquisition expanded to the historical Jewish jurisdiction and several international courts as well. Throughout the study, I sorted the countries into three ideal types: the meritocratic, the political and the one imbibed with social capital. What I consider the achievement of this research is that after making positive and negative statements on the selection of Hungarian judges I propounded de lege ferenda suggestions based on the foreign regulations in order to improve the methods of Hungary, which I found dysfunctional – mostly due to the prevailing conditions of social capital. In the study I emphasize that the negative impacts of social capital – which derogates the independency of judges and impairs the impartiality and efficiency of the jurisdiction – could and should be cured by the introduction of a general and obligatory merit-focused test taken from the French system. It would be of utmost importance, when it comes to transparency, to make each and every part of the selecting process accessible to the public as it is in Norway. It would be advantageous to reduce the role of the single leaders – like the head of the Országos Bírói Hivatal – and strengthen the part of the autonomous judicial bodies based on the solutions of Portugal, Slovakia and Lithuania. Furthermore, similarly to the merit system of some states in the USA, the role of a selecting body consisting of lawyers could be established. In terms of the bod-ies, as far as I am concerned, I believe it would be beneficial to create an advisory syndicate akin to the Judicial Appointment Commission of the United Kingdom or le Conseil Supérieur de la Magsitrature of France. This paper has accordingly sought to demonstrate that with the above-mentioned methods, the academic conception and the actual realisation of jurisdiction and that of the recruitment of judges would be more effective and prosperous, and consequently more meritocratic