Modeling of anisotropic plastic behavior of ferritic stainless steel sheet

Modeling of anisotropic plastic behavior of ferritic stainless steel sheet (Type 409) was investigated using the three yield functions of Hill [A theory of the yielding and plastic flow of anisotropic metals. Proceedings of Royal Society of London, Series A 1948;193:281-97.], Barlat and Lian [Plastic behavior and stretchability of sheet metals. Part I: A yield function for orthotropic sheets under plane stress conditions. International Journal of Plasticity 1989;5:51-66] and Barlat et al. [Plane stress yield function for aluminum alloy sheet. Part I: Theory. International Journal of Plasticity 2003;19:1297-319.] (referred to as Yld2000-2d) criteria. Mechanical behaviors were characterized based on uniaxial tension, balanced biaxial bulge, and disk compression tests. Directionalities of yield stresses and r values were predicted from the three criteria and compared with experimental results. In order to verify the modeling accuracy of the three functions under complex loading conditions, cylindrical cup drawing and limiting dome height tests were carried out numerically and experimentally. It has been demonstrated that the result from Yld2000-2d criterion exhibits good agreement with experimental data. The effects of anisotropic hardening on earing and necking were also investigated based on the different levels of plastic work