Inquiry and investigation : what can we learn from the adaptive coping strategies of women with breast cancer?

Despite substantial research into psychosocial factors associated with adjustment to a diagnosis of breast cancer, contradictory or limited research evidence exists in certain areas. In particular, questions arise concerning the efficacy of coping reactions such as acceptance and denial/avoidance behaviours. Using as a conceptual framework: the Lazarus and Folkman (1984) cognitive-phenomenological model of psychological stress, the present study explores these questions through analysis of two cycles of in-depth interviews. Participants were 19 women with a relatively recent diagnosis of early stage breast cancer. The aim was to chart their coping reactions over a six-month period. Major themes associated with healthy adjustment included high levels of acceptance, low denial, an expressed positive outlook, creation and utilisation of constructive emotional support, increased self-care, and drawing 011 a life philosophy. These themes reflected underlying tasks for the women, that is, making meaning of their experience with cancer and seeking to regain control over their situation. At follow up these themes/tasks were still present although less salient for those without ongoing physical difficulties. Counselling implications are discussed