The Impact of Construction of Linear Infrastructure Objects on Agricultural Land Uses Based on the Example of Kehtna Mõisa Ltd

Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks on välja selgitada joonobjektide paigutamise erinevate variantide mõju põllumajandustootja maakasutustingimustele. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks analüüsiti Rail Baltiku rajamise mõju põllumajanduslikule maakasutusele Kehtna Mõisa OÜ näitel. Teema on aktuaalne ja vajab kajastamist, kuna Eestis hakatakse Rail Baltiku raudteed rajama ning antud teemat on vähe uuritud. Töös keskendutakse Rail Baltiku mõjupiirkonda jäävale Rapla maakonnas asuvale Kehtna Mõisa OÜ kasutuses olevatele põllumassiividele aastal 2014. Antud töös kasutati lähenemist, et raudteetrassi rajamisega ei kaasne suuremahulist ümberkruntimist. Lähtuti sellest, et raudteetrassi alune maa võõrandatakse ning võõrandatav maa kompenseeritakse rahaliselt. Põllumassiivide andmed saadi nii Kehtna Mõisa OÜ-lt kui ka Põllumajanduse Registrite ja Informatsiooni Ametilt. Trassikoridori ja põllumassiivide visualiseerimiseks ning andmete haldamiseks kasutati ESRI tarkvara ArcGIS. Koostati koondtabel, mille põhjal analüüsiti kahe erineva raudteetrassi rajamisel kogukauguse erinevust masinakeskusest põllumassiivideni, keskmist kaugust ning kaalutud keskmist kaugust. Käesoleval ajal kui raudteetrass puudub on kogukaugus masinakeskusest põllumassiivideni 303 km. Raudtee trassilõigu 7C rajamisel oleks kogukaugus 327,64 km, mis tähendaks Kehtna Mõisa OÜ-le 24,64 lisakilomeetri läbimist. Trassilõigu 7G rajamisel oleks kogukaugus 361,64 km, mis oleks 58,64 km rohkem kui antud raudteetrassi rajamata. Kuna kogukaugus suureneb raudteetrassi rajamisel siis mõjutab see maakasutustingimusi ning põhjustab ettevõttele kulude suurenemist. Töö tulemuste põhjal võib väita, et erinev joonobjektide paigutus mõjutab oluliselt põllumajanduslike maakasutustingimusi. Joonobjektide rajamine põhjustab tootmiskeskuse ja põllumassiivide vahelise vahemaa suurenemist ning suurendab ettevõtte kulusid. Käesolev magistritöö on praktilise suunitlusega ning mõeldud eelkõige abimaterjaliks omavalitustele Rail Baltiku raudtee rajamisel parema maakasutuse planeerimiseks. Antud töö võiks huvi pakkuda ka tootmisettevõtetele, mis puutuvad kokku joonobjektide rajamisega.The aim of the present Master’s thesis is to examine ways in which different allocations of linear objects impact land use conditions for agricultural producers. In order to achieve this aim the author analyzed the impact of the construction of the Rail Baltic on agricultural land use by drawing upon the example of Kehtna Mõisa Ltd. This is a topical issue and requires public attention since the Rail Baltic railway network is going to be built in Estonia and its impacts have not yet been studied in depth. This thesis focuses on land consolidations located in Rapla county which will be affected by the Rail Baltic. In 2014 these lands were used by Kehta Mõisa Ltd. In this thesis it was presupposed that the construction of the railway route would not involve an extensive reparcelling of the land. The author proceeded from the assumption that the land under the railway route would be expropriated and the expropriated land would be monetarily compensated. The data concerning the land consolidation was obtained from both Kehtna Mõisa Ltd and the Estonian Agricultural Registers and Information Board. For the visualisation and data-administration of the railway corridor and land consolidations, the author used the ESRI software ArcGIS. Thereafter a summary table was compiled that the author was able to use to analyse the difference in distances between the consolidated fields and the company’s machinery centre that would emerge as a result of the construction of two separate sections of the railway route. Without the construction of the railway route, the total distance from the machinery centre to the consolidated fields is 303 km. With the construction of the section 7C, this distance would be 327.64 km, which would mean an extra 24.64 km. In the event of the construction of section 7G, the total distance would be 361.64 km which would be 58.64 km more than without its being built. As the total distance from the machinery centre to the consolidated fields will increase with the building of the railway route, it will change the land use conditions for Kehtna Mõisa Ltd and will increase the company’s expenses. It can be argued on the basis of the results of this thesis that different allocations of linear objects considerably impact agricultural land use conditions. The construction of linear objects will increase the distance between the production centre and land consolidations and will create additional expenses. This MA thesis has a practical purpose and is primarily intended to serve as an aid for the local governments in order for them to better plan land use when the Rail Baltic railway is constructed. This study may also be of interest to production companies that are involved in the construction of linear objects