Whether rullying Is considered the criminal offence in Lithuania?

Šiame darbe analizuojamos patyčios ir patyčių formų kriminalizavimas Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamajame kodekse. Siekiant kuo išsamiau atskleisti temą, visų pirmą buvo nagrinėjama patyčių samprata, jos formos ir formų išskirimo svarbumas, patyčių pasireiškimo ir patyčių atpažinimo būdai. Dėl patyčių nesamo vieno apibrėžtumo, darbe palyginti dažniausiai pateikiami mokslininkų ir kitų šaltinių patyčių sąvokos apibrėžimai. Palyginus patyčių sąvokas buvo išskirti svarbiausi patyčių elementai, kurie atskiria patyčias nuo paprasto konflikto, taip pat pateiktas patyčių apibrėžimas, kuriuo yra vadovaujamasi darbe. Darbe taip pat yra aptariama, kuo pasireiškia patyčių sąvokos neapibrėžtumas ir problematiškumas teisinėje sistemoje. Analizuojant patyčių ir jos formų kriminalizavimą LR baudžiamajame kodekse yra nagrinėjami straipsniai, kurie įvertinus nusikaltimo aplinkybes, padarymo būdus ir atsižvelgus į patyčių išskirtus elementus yra vertinama - ar patyčios galėtų būti kriminalizuojamos kaip nusikalstama veika tam tikrose BK normose. Taip pat analizuojamas vienas didžiausių patyčių padarinių, t.y. privedimo prie savižudybės, įrodinėjimo pagal BK 133 str. problematiškumas Lietuvoje. Siekiant atsakyti į iškeltą hipotezę buvo analizuojama patyčių samprata tiek socialinėje, tiek teisinėje sistemoje, patyčių vertinimas užsienio šalyse, taip pat patyčių atsiradimo priežastys. Buvo nagrinėjamos veikiančios Lietuvoje patyčių prevencinės programos, šių programų tikslai, naudojimas bei veiksmingumas. Taip pat buvo analizuojami Prancūzijos baudžiamojo kodekso bei Lenkijos baudžiamojo kodekso straipsniai, kurie patyčias kriminalizuoja kaip nusikalstamą veiką. Pateikti Prancūzijos, Lenkijos ir Lietuvos BK straipsnių panašumai ir skirtumai, pateiktos išvados ir rekomendacijos.It is worldwide widely attempted to resolve or at least reduce the problem of bullying. Most often various preventative programs are used for assistance which are targeting a particular part of society or the society as a whole. Systematic research of bullying has been started in the seventh and eight decade, but a particular interest has been expressed in Sweden, and not long after that the occurrence of bullying started to be investigated by other countries. Today bullying as one of the most common forms of aggressive behavior, which are executed in school environment, is given a lot more attention: the concept of bullying is analyzed as well as features of bullying terminology. However, although bullying has been researched for quite a while now, the scientists have still not managed to present one common definition of bullying concept. Thus, aiming to thoroughly investigate the topic and provide the basis for the raised hypothesis: firstly, the concept of bullying has been analyzed, the occurrence of bullying as well as means of recognizing bullying. A number of most common definitions provided by the scientists and other resources have been compared. After comparing the bullying definitions, the most essential elements of bullying which separate bullying from a simple conflict, as well as analyzed forms of bullying which are grouped by the scientists into direct and indirect bullying, have been selected. Thus, after analyzing the given definitions of bullying, the forms of bullying and after selecting the most important elements of bullying the given definition of bullying which has been considered when writing this thesis is as follows: Bullying is aggressive, violent, harmful and repetitive set of unprovoked actions performed by another person directly and/or indirectly the aim of which is to physically and/or psychologically ((not) using the information technologies) impact another person's (while having physical and psychological advantage) health and human values, freedom of choice. However, it is important to mention the, that Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania does not include bullying. Thus, it is important to analyze if legal regulations include responsibilities for all forms of bullying, and whether cruel and insidious behavior in the Lithuanian Criminal Code article 133 contains all forms of bullying, what the possibilities of relating the presence of bullying with suicidal behavior of a victim suffering from bullying. It should be analyzed whether legal policies evaluate the features of bullying when bullying is not included as a criminal activity. However in the legal regulations the critical problem of this part becomes evident - bulling is not only undefined by the scientists it is also not present in the legal regulations. And it is not enough that the child right regulations are present in conventions as these conditions do not guarantee child security. For example, in the Child Right Convention from the United Nations, article no. 19, it is indicated that countries aiming at protecting children from various forms of physical violence, include all possible administrative, social and legal means of education. However, although the legal articles protect the child against violence, the laws also partly present forms of bullying, however, do not present the means of performing misconducts, thus it is difficult to define and incriminate bullying as criminal activity due to not existent legal regulations and legal definition. Thus, further the criminalization of bullying and it's forms is analyzed in the context of articles in the Lithuanian Criminal Code, which after evaluating the circumstances of criminal activity, ways of performing them and taking into consideration the bullying elements present. It is then evaluated if bullying can be criminalized as criminal activity within the specific norms of Criminal Code. Furthermore, supporting evidence is collected according to Criminal Code article 133 supporting the problem of suicide acts becoming a consequence of bullying Aiming to find answers for the hypothesis raised the concept of bullying has been analyzed in both social and legal systems, the views on bullying in foreign countries as well as causes of bullying. The preventative programs for bullying have been investigated in Lithuania as well as their goals, implementation and effectiveness. Furthermore, French and Polish Criminal Code articles which define bullying as criminal activity have been analysed. Similarities and differences of French, Polish and Lithuanian Criminal Code articles have been provided as well as conclusion and recommendations.Teisės fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta