Are compensation for non-pecuniary damage correspond to a fair principle?

Neturtinės žalos atlyginimas- tai vienas iš Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymų, nustatytas civilinių teisių ginimo būdas. Pasinaudodami įstatymų nustatyta teise, asmenys gali ne tik reikalauti atlyginti turtinę žalą, bet ir neturtinę žalą. Lietuvos Respublikos civiliniame kodekse yra nustatyta, kad neturtinė žala visu pirma yra atlyginama naudojant materialią kompensaciją, tai yra piniginę išmoką, kurią turi sumokėti neturtinę žalą padaręs asmuo. Lietuvoje turtinei ir taip pat neturtinei žalai atlyginti naudojamas visiško žalos atlyginimo principas, tai reiškia, kad neturtinė žala kaip ir turtinė žala turi būti atlyginta visiškai, iki tokio lygio, kuris buvo prieš atsirandant veikai, kuri sukėlė neturtinę žalą. Turtinė ir neturtinė žala yra skirtingos savo prigimtimi, tačiau tiek turtinė, tiek neturtinė žalos yra pirmiausiai atlyginamos materialia kompensacija. Dėl to, kad abi žalos yra skirtingos savo prigimtimi neturtinę žalą yra žymiai sunkiau identifikuoti ir įvertinti. Skirtingai nei turtinės žalos dydi, neturtinės žalos dydžio paversto pinigine suma nereikia įrodinėti asmeniui, kuris kreipiasi į teismą, neturtinės žalos dydį kaip materialią (piniginę) išmoką nustato teismas, remdamasis, byloje pateiktų įrodymų ir kriterijų visuma. Kadangi neturtinė žala yra tiesiogiai susijusi su asmens būsena tai yra emocijomis, išgyvenimais, sukrėtimais, skausmais, dauguma kriterijų yra neapčiuopiami ir sunkei nustatomi bei pamatuojami. Šio darbo tikslas yra išsiaiškinti ar neturtinės žalos dydžio nustatymas atitinka teisingą žalos atlyginimo principą.Compensation for non-pecuniary damage is one of ways to defend your civil rights in Lithuania. People can use the rights that are established in Lithuania law not just to defend his or her property damage but also non-pecuniary damage. In civil code that are used in Lithuanian Republic are said that non-pecuniary damage just as property damage are compensated by material compensation that means that people whose rights are damaged can require monetary compensation for rights violation. Compensation for non-pecuniary damage have to be paid by the person who is responsible for the rights violation. In Lithuania for non-pecuniary damage and also for property damage full compensation principle is used. Usage of this principle means that compensation have to be precise to compensate damage to level before the damage was made. Because property and non-pecuniary damages are different by their nature non-pecuniary damage is more difficult to determine but both damages are compensated using monetary compensation. Unlike property damage, non-pecuniary damage monetary size doesn’t need to be determined by the person itself whose rights was violated. The monetary size for non-pecuniary damage decides the court on the basis of criteria and evidence 3 that are present to the court by the both sides of the court. Because non-pecuniary damage is related to personal feelings and other personal emotions like pain and personal experience most of criteria is not seen by the naked eye and hard to determine. The objection of this written work is to determine Are compensation for non-pecuniary damage correspond to a fair principle. The main methods of the work are: historical, comparative and teleological. The first two are used to reveal historical changes that had effect on the growth and problems of monetary compensation for non-pecuniary damage in Lithuania and other European countries. The third one is used to determine the object of non-pecuniary damage, analyzing what problems appears from using todays principle for non-pecuniary damage compensation. The big effect to determine the monetary compensation for non-pecuniary damage also have the financial situation of the person who is responsible for violation on rights that cause non-pecuniary damage. The problem of this application is that court minimize the monetary compensation to size which do not correspond to non-pecuniary damage fair compensation principle. Another problem that cause wrong monetary compensation size determination is that courts sometimes do not value a whole basis of criteria that are present to court and concentrating to couple of criteria. As a consequence, monetary compensation for non-pecuniary damage are not correctly determined. In Lithuania there are not determine bounds between minimum and maximum for monetary compensation for non-pecuniary damage. The courts in Lithuania determines monetary value for non-pecuniary damage by using another courts cases as examples. But courts cases which relating with non-pecuniary damage shows very broad bounds among minimum and maximum for monetary compensation for non-pecuniary damage. The main source of this problems is that in Lithuania the principle for fair compensation for non-pecuniary damage is applicable just from 2000 years when new civil code was established. Until new civil code in Lithuania was used old Soviet Socialist Republic civil code who had just basic non-pecuniary damage compensation principle. The main problems appears from short usage of new civil code which we use now. In first paragraph of work will be discussed about conception of non-pecuniary damage: about history and basic introduction of non-pecuniary damage in Lithuania. In second paragraph will be told about a fair principle for non-pecuniary damage. In third one will be discussed the reduction of monetary value for non-pecuniary damage. And in last one will be comparison for non-pecuniary damage in Lithuania and other European countries. If we want to use fair compensation for non-pecuniary damage principle, we have to overcome problems which impedes fair compensation Lithuanian law have to set bounds between minimum and maximum for compensating for non-pecuniary damage, because now we have to much different compensation for non-pecuniary damage in similar or same cases. Also court have to take less in to account about financial status of the person who violated the law. Because non-pecuniary damage does not change if the guilty person does not have much money to pay compensation. In conclusion Lithuania itself have to make changes to Lithuania law to have fair non-pecuniary damage compensation principle. Non-pecuniary damage in most of the countries is based on emotions of person and the joy of life. As a consequence, the fair non-pecuniary damage principle has to be used to compensate damage in the way that person who experience violation can be happy once more by using monetary compensation from guilty person.Teisės fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta