Whether 1922 – 1940 vytautas magnus university faculty of law research works influenced lithuanian legal developments and changes in the sources of law?

1918 m. atkurtoje Lietuvos Respublikoje susidurta su teisės sistemos, kuri būtų pritaikyta visai valstybei, poreikiu. Įvairiose Lietuvos dalyse galiojo skirtingi iš carinės Rusijos laikų perimti aktai, bet jie ne visais atvejais galėjo atitikti naujos valstybės reikalavimus. Tiek valstybės vadovai, tiek teisininkai suprato, kad nepaisant egzistuojančių įstatymų netobulumo jų panaikinimas neįmanomas, todėl atsirado natūralus poreikis turėti savo teisės sistemą, kuri atitiktų kuriamos demokratinės valstybės santvarką. 1922 m. įkūrus Lietuvos universitetą (nuo 1930 m. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas) prasidėjo naujas etapas Lietuvos teisės kūrime. Čia dirbę teisės mokslininkai savo teoriniais darbais ėmė vystyti baudžiamosios, administracinės, tarptautinės, konstitucinės ir kitas teisės šakas. Šio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti ar Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Teisių Fakulteto mokslininkų darbai, leisti 1922 – 1940 m. laikotarpyje, įtakojo to meto Lietuvos teisės raidą bei šaltinių pakeitimus? Siekiant įgyvendinti darbo tikslą, paneigti arba patvirtinti hipotezę, buvo keliami tokie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti Teisių Fakulteto mokslo darbus, kurie galėjo turėti įtakos Lietuvos teisės raidai ir teisės šaltinių pakeitimams baudžiamosios, administracinės, konstitucinės teisės srityje bei teismų sistemai; ištirti nagrinėjamo laikotarpio teisės aktus, kurie buvo paveikti VDU Teisių fakulteto mokslo darbų; išanalizuoti santykį tarp ištirtų mokslo darbų bei teisės aktų ar šaltinių pakeitimo. Atlikus tyrimą, prieita išvados, patvirtinančios hipotezę, jog tarpukario Lietuvos teisės raida neabejotinai yra susijusi su universiteto mokslininkų moksliniais darbais, kurių įtaka atsispindi ir šaltinių pakeitimuose bei teisės mokslo raidoje. Tačiau reikia pažymėti, kad ne visais atvejais Teisės fakulteto darbuose iškeltos idėjos buvo įgyvendintos realybėje, nors kaip konstitucinio ar administracinio teismo įkūrimo atveju buvo sukurti projektai ir juos planuota įteisinti konstitucija.In 1918 restored the Republic of Lithuania faced with the legal system necessity which is suited for the newly reborn country. In various parts of Lithuania were different legislation which were adopted from Russian occupation times. This legislation not always could comply with the requirements of young democratic state. But Lithuanian Goverment and legal scholars understood, that it was impossible to repeal the old laws and create new laws within short time. It was decided to leave all old laws ecxept those which conflicted with the constitutional provisions of Lithuanian. It became clear that Lithuania needs own law school where could be possible to develop legal education. In 1922 was founded Lithuanian University which in 1930 was renamed to Vytautas Magnus university. Between two World Wars almost all Lithuanian legal scholars worked in VMU Law Faculty. Perhaps the most famous of all scholars was Mykolas Riomeris. He studied Administrative law, Criminal law, International law and many others areas of law, but the main area of studies was Constitutional Law. Like costitutionalist he was known even in foreign countries. His fundamental studies „Administracinis teismas“, „Konstitucinės ir teismo teisės pasieniuose“ and „Valstybė ir jos konstitucinė teisė“ are still currently important for Lithuania‘s jurisprudence. Another famous scholar was Augustinas Janulaitis. He was Lithuanian legal historian pioneer and he created a new scientific discipline - Lithuanian legal history. A.Janulaitis studied Lithuanian legal history from XIV till XIX centuries. In Lithaunia he was known as foreign legal historian too. Petras Leonas was Law Faculty Dean for a long time. He was known as the best legal theorist at that time Lithuania. He taught philosophy of law, sociology, legal theory at university. P.Leonas wrote many articles where he solved Lithuanian legal issues. He was looking for solutions not only in studies of another scholars, but he made studies which were based by his original reasoning. Simonas Bieliackinas was famous for his fundamental studies in criminal law. In Vytautas Magnus University he taught criminal and commercial law. In 1934 S.Bieliackinas with Martynas Kavolis prepared official edition of criminal statute. The goal of this thesis is to provide the answer for the legal issue: whether 1922 – 1940 Vytautas Magnus university Law faculty research works influenced Lithuanian legal developments and changes in the sources of law. In order to accomplish the goal of the thesis and to support or deny the hypothesis we take the following steps: • to analyze scientific studies of Law Faculty in criminal, administrative, constitutional law and judicial system. • to analyze legislation during 1922 – 1940 which were affected scientific studies of Law Faculty. • to explore the relationship between scientific studies of Law Faculty and legislation during this period. In order to accomplish the tasks set above it was analyzed number of legal acts passed by the institutions of Lithuania and number studies Faculty of Law. After the research work became clear that it was relationship between research works of Faculty of Law and influenced Lithuanian legal developments and changes in the sources of law. After the above mentioned tasks are accomplished we make the following conclusions: 1. Lithuanian legal developments in the interwar was related with Vytautas Magnus university. Law Faculty scholars not only lectured at the University but they worked on the top justice institutions of state too. Many lawyers finished Law Faculty and successfully employed in State administration and legal system. Some of them wrote articles about law problems to the legal press. 2. Old Tsarist Russian Criminal Statute and Criminal Procedure Statute Lithuanian did not solve the problems of criminal law. By 1934 it was used the Criminal Statute unofficial Lithuanian translation. 1934 M. Bieliackinas and S. Kavolis released an official translation, which removed the broken law and include all additions to the Statute. Until then, the preference was took off the original text in Russian, but the courts applying the unofficial translations also used false application with the Criminal Statute. Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Law of scientists who worked most of the practical legal work, you soon discovered weaknesses and in the legal press began to analyze the problems. Some of the solutions proposed were transferred to the new case law. The other part of the theoretical work, for example, the creation of opportunities for a jury case, even attracted the support of lawyers and ordinary citizens, unfortunately, not been implemented. 3. Interwar constitutional law is inseparable from professor M. Riomerio work. His written work so far has not lost its value, which demonstrates their fundamentality. They set out thoughts and ideas into a comprehensive doctrinal significance. M. Riomeris stressed the importance of the constitution in the state and citizens live. It is considered a cornerstone in shaping a democratic society. He analyzed the Lithuanian Constitution, in the context of their weaknesses and providing legal comments in the press. M. Riomeris analyzed the possibilities to establish the Constitutional Court of Lithuania. 4. Quite active in the field of administrative law and regulations legislative jurisprudence did not receive adequate attention. Systematised knowledge of administrative law has been laid only a single issue - 1939 appears, “Administracinė teisė”. In other publications of the time untouched only the imposition of administrative law issues or institutions. Among these publications should be noted professor. By M. Riomerio work, especially in administrative justice and administrative challenges the legality of the proceedings in the field. He later and more authors began to examine the state administration officials and personal responsibility, they allowed the legality of the ruling establishment of administrative courts. Although the Administrative Court and the former project.Vytauto Didžiojo universiteta