Application of geodetic measurements for the relief paleoreconstructions

Šiomis dienomis turbūt visoje Lietuvoje galima aptikti nuošliaužų. Ypač jų daug galima aptikti įvairių upių, tokių kaip Nemunas, Neris, Merkys, Šešupė, Šventoji, Dubysa, slėniuose, kur vyksta intensyvūs eoliniai ir eroziniai procesai. Ypač daug nuošliaužų aptinkama Vilniaus, Kauno, Klaipėdos ir kitų miestų apylinkėse. Didžioji dalis nuošliaužų, Lietuvoje, yra nedidelės. Didesnio masto nuošliaužos susidaro upių slėniuose. Todėl, norint išsiaiškinti kokiais būdais galima matuoti atodangas ir spręsti kaip jos vėliau gali keistis, buvo iškeltas pagrindinis tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti, kokiais geodeziniais metodais reiktų naudotis, nustatant Neries upės daromą įtaką žemės reljefui. Darbe buvo gausiai išanalizuoti lauko tyrimų metodai, kurie buvo anksčiau taikomi stebint reljefo pokyčius. Buvo lyginami skirtingų laikotarpių duomenys. Taip pat, grafiškai vaizduojami reljefo formų pakitimai, bei jų litologinė sudėtis. Tyrimų metu buvo naudojamas elektroninis tacheometras su integruotu lazeriu, kuris turėjo tiesioginį ryšį su Žemės palydovais ir galėjo labai dideliu tikslumu nustatyti taško koordinates.In these days there are probably no places in Lithuania, where you couldn’t find any landslides. Most of them can be found near such rivers as Nemunas, Neris, Merkys, Šešupė, Šventoji, Dubysa and others, where aeolic and erosion processes take place. Quite many landslides can be found in such city areas as Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda and others. Most of landslides in Lithuania are not so big. The bigger one’s are in river valleys. So in this work I decided to overview all the possible investigations that would help explore these landslides. For the investigation I chose 4 outcrops: 3 of them are on the left side of the river Neris near the Skirgiškės settlement and the last one is on the right side of the river Neris, near the Bratoniškės settlement. For the investigation to be successful I chose an electronic tacheometer Leica TPS 1200+ with integrated laser beam, which allowed to determine the investigated outcrops points of the surface and litological composition very accurately. I’ve overviewed what are the possible ways to investigate the changes of the surfaces of the Earth terrain with out going out of the house, i.e. how using computer softwares or internet portals, like www.maps.lt or www.geoportal.lt etc., you can make different areas, length and terrain measurements in aerofotographic pictures. In this work there were analised the earlier authors used methods investigating the surfaces of the terrain changes in whole Lithuania’s territory, starting with West Lithuania’s seaside coast changes and ending with changes of river valleys coasts. Reviewed the biggest outcrops of Lithuania, where some of them has the global value. So before starting the outdoor and cameralistic measurments, I had to raise the purpose of the investigation. I‘ve raised them two, but then I‘ve combined into a single. So, the main investigation purpose is – to analyze what geodetic measurement should be used in determining the terrain influence of the Neris river. In the work there were no possibilities making it with out analysing and reviewing the literature, even though most of the literature was in russian. I did not forgot to comparison the ortophotographic maps as well as analysing the classification of investigation methods. The whole work structure is made of introduction, four chapters, conclusions and suggestions, if there are any, bibliography, summary in lithuanian and english languages and appendixes. The results obtained are singificant for the future measurements in the same places for those scientists, students or surveyors who are going investigate the territory.Švietimo akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta