Legal heritage state regulation as an object of administrative Law

Kultūros įsisąmoninimas tampa vis aktualesnis visuomenėje. Vis daugiau specialistų kalba apie kultūros srities problemas. Tiriama, ieškoma ekonominių, socialinių, kultūrinių ir politinių sričių sąsajų. Šių pokyčių kontekste kultūros paveldas įgyja naują prasmę, jam tenka svarbus vaidmuo visuotinės gerovės plėtroje. Darbe analizuojama vienos iš valstybės kultūros sričių – nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo apsaugos – valstybinis reguliavimas. Darbe apžvelgiama paveldosaugos raidos pagrindiniai įvykiai Lietuvoje prieškario, tarybiniais ir nepriklausomybės metais, aptartos analizuojamąją sritį liečiančios Konstitucinės nuostatos ir atskleista problematika, išanalizuoti Lietuvos Respublikos strateginiai dokumentai bei kiti norminiai aktai, aptartos Lietuvos Respublikos institucijų problemos, kylančios įgyvendinant kultūros paveldo apsaugos valdymą, atskleistos paveldosaugos institucijų vykdomos funkcijos bei aptarti jų tarpusavio santykiai, išreikštas požiūris į jų reikalingumą. Įvertinta praktikų nuomonė, kuri padėjo suprasti ir giliau atskleisti problemas, su kuriomis susiduria kultūros paveldo apsaugos sistema. Be to, pateikiamos tendencijos bei išryškinami pokyčiai kultūros paveldo apsaugos veikloje.Culture awareness is becoming a more and more urgent issue in society. A growing number of specialists are talking about problems in the sphere of culture. A range of diverse connections such as economical, social, cultural or political are being searched for and studied. In the context of these changes culture heritage acquires a new meaning and it plays an important role in the development of universal welfare. As far as value of heritage is concerned, the prime emphasis should be put on certain tendencies in this sphere with every respect of both the range of studies and analyzed themes. Particularly vast sphere of investigation comprises relation of law and general values of a man and society, however, recent studies include very few problems of heritage. They are most often met in more general context of culture of law. Law of culture is poorly studied, moreover, the nature of studies is specific and mostly directed at legal regulation of artistic creative work, activity of cultural institutions, and nevertheless the sphere of heritage is still forgotten. Besides, more attention is devoted to accessibility of culture, participation in it, etc, rather than to its heritage or protection. While the culture is regarded as the form of society existence, the conception of heritage value can be more often found in statute laws which regulate not so called culture but wider and more diverse spheres of life starting with laws to ensure major human rights and ending with public interest in environmental, social and other spheres. However, it has been noticed that legal regulation of various spheres of cultural activities is not efficient enough or all-covering, also the sphere of real estate heritage is analyzed very little. Culture heritage is the sphere how the witness of our past and basis of identity is comprehensible to all, however, we obviously have complicated history and sensitive historical memory which is closely connected with our approach towards material and mental culture heritage. It must be stated that after receiving independence the situation of culture heritage protection has not changed in a quality sense, moreover, according to some specialists it has become worse. Indetermination of both the laws protecting culture treasures and activity of institutions responsible for that shows that so far no formation of strategically determined heritage policy has been done and insufficient number of legal regulations have been passed based on which a quality leap forward could possibly be made. The object of study, i.e. state regulation of culture heritage real estate, is the sphere where effectiveness of statute laws can be revealed by heuristic methods as more convenient means using the ways of theoretical and practical studies as well as logical thinking. In theses ways the significance of legal and social changes is shown, problems are revealed, and tendencies and changes are determined. The aim of work is to analyze state regulation of protection of culture heritage real estate in theoretical and practical aspect. In order to disclose the aim, the following objects have been set up: To survey historical evolution of heritage protection revealing its main problems and tendencies; To reveal the problems of culture heritage protection in the Constitutions of Lithuania and some foreign countries, in the strategic documents and other legal statements of the Republic of Lithuania; To examine institutions of the Republic of Lithuania and their activity accomplishing the management of culture heritage protection, and to analyze their functions and interrelationship which they carry out. This study has paid attention to the main events of heritage protection in Lithuania, moreover, Constitutional statute concerning analyzed sphere has been discussed and main problems have been revealed, strategic documents and other legal regulations of the Republic of Lithuania have been analyzed, the problems of institutions of the Republic of Lithuania which arise while implementing the management of culture heritage protection have been discussed, the functions of institutions responsible for culture heritage protection as well as their interrelationships have been revealed, and the approach towards their necessity has been expressed. The opinion of practitioners has been evaluated and it has helped to understand and deeper reveal the problems which the system of culture heritage protection encounter. Besides, the tendencies have been presented and changes in the activity of culture heritage protection have been highlighted. The hypothesis of this work, i.e. legal regulation of culture heritage real estate protection is effective giving proper necessary results. In order to answer this hypothesis, the methods such as historical descriptive, linguistic, content analysis and logical-analytical have been used.Vytauto Didžiojo universiteta