Whether the State Ensure the Legal Expectations to the Owners of the Protected Land Plots?

Šio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti ir nustatyti, ar valstybė užtikrina žemės sklypų, kuriuose įsteigtos ar yra steigiamos valstybės saugomos teritorijos, savininkų teisėtus lūkesčius. Pirmoje dalyje apžvelgiama saugomų teritorijų sistema Lietuvoje: analizuojamas saugomų teritorijų steigimas bei jų valdymo ypatumai. Lietuvos teisinio reguliavimo saugomų teritorijų srityje analizė atskleidė, jog teisinė reglamentacija saugomų teritorijų srityje yra gana paini ir sudėtinga, kadangi teisės aktų gausa suponuoja prieštaravimus tarpusavyje bei institucijų kompetencijos dubliavimąsi. Antrajame šio darbo skyriuje atskleidžiamas teisės į nuosavybę ir teisėtų lūkesčių principo turinys, nustatomi nuosavybės ribojimo pagrindai. Taip pat analizuojamas teisės į nuosavybę ir Saugomų teritorijų įstatymo santykis. Trečioje dalyje nagrinėjama saugomų teritorijų steigimo privačiose teritorijose problematika, analizuojama teismų praktika, lyginama Lietuvos ir kitų Europos Sąjungos valstybių šalių (Latvija, Lenkija, Belgija, Vokietija) praktika saugomų teritorijų steigimo ir privačių teritorijų savininkų teisėtų lūkesčių apsaugos kontekste. Lyginamoji valstybių analizė parodė, jog Lietuvoje, priešingai nei Europos Vakarų valstybėse, laikomasi požiūrio, kad valstybės ir visuomenės interesai yra viršesni už privačios žemės savininkų interesus. Todėl šio požiūrio ir teisės aktų nesuderinamumo pasekmė patvirtino darbo pradžioje iškeltą hipotezę, jog valstybė neužtikrina žemių, kuriose steigiamos saugomos teritorijos, savininkų teisėtų lūkesčių visa apimtimi.The aim of the paper is to analyze and determine if the state ensures the legitimate expectations of owners in whose land are setting up the protected areas of state. Protected areas are the base for conservation of natural and cultural heritage. There is an important need to ensure its’ protection in all over the world, according to the principles of sustainable development. Tasks of the research are: • To analyze the establishment and management of protected areas of the Republic of Lithuania; • To define the right to property and the principle of legitimate expectations content. • According Lithuanian and examples of other countries to analyze protected areas, their problems of protecting the legitimate expectations of the landsowner's. The first chapter analyzes the establishment of protected areas. The first part intends to contemporary challenges of the management of protected areas: legislation governing the protection of protected areas and functions of the authorities of protected areas. In addition, the main reasons of decreasing effectiveness of the management of protected areas are revealed. The analysis showed Lithuanian legal regulation of protected areas is quite confusing and difficult. Lithuania establishment of protected areas and their management is regulated by plenty of of national and EU legislation. But as a result there is a legislative inconsistencies and contradictions between them. The second chapter reveals the right to property and the principle of legitimate expectations content. It also also establishes restriction basics of ownership and analyzes the protection of legitimate expectations. The second part of this paper also analyzes the relation between the right to property and the Republic of Lithuania Law on Protected Areas. The analysis showed that owner of private land is free to use his property as he wants, but he can only do it without prejudice to other person rights and has to respect legislation requirements in Lithuania. Constitution, other legislation or any international law does not deny the possibility of statutory conditions to restrict private property. However, such restrictions, that are set on Protected Areas Law does not prejudice the principle in the Constitution, becouse restrictions are set by law and are rewarded for it. The third part deals with the problematic of establishment of protected areas in private areas. Protected areas are established both in public areas and private lands, so it is a high risk that it might cause conflict between public and private interests. Disputes between owners and protected areas administration entities are usually resolved in courts. In summary, in order to protect both private and public interest, the latter is given more attention, so individuals whose lands are in protected areas faces with ownership restrictions. Comparative analysis proves in Lithuania there is a view that the state and public interests are priority over the interests of private land owners. Quality management of protected areas – helps to ensure adequate protection of protected areas of land in Lithuania and right use. Administration management of quality of protected areas, combining the protection of protected areas in Lithuania and the necessary development needs, impacts on protected areas. Current management of protected areas in the public administration is characterized by an abundance of subjects, problematic distribution in their competence. Therefore, this approach and legislative inconsistency confirmed the hypothesis that the state does not guarantee in full the legitimate expectations of owners in whose land are setting up the protected areas of state.Teisės fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta