Supply of household from its own solar power plant

Zmanjšanje človeških izpustov snovi v ozračje so postali ena od prioritet velikega dela svetovne politike. Evropska unija Sloveniji poleg ostalih ukrepov za varstvo okolja med drugim predpisuje in vzpodbuja rabo tako imenovanih obnovljivih virov energije. Z namenom povečanja rabe obnovljivih virov so v Sloveniji oblikovali Nacionalni akcijski načrt za obnovljive vire energije. Delež bruto končne rabe energije iz obnovljivih virov je v Sloveniji v letu 2018, po podatkih Statističnega urada Republike Slovenije, znašala 21,15%, kar je manj od zastavljenega cilja. Istega leta so gospodinjstva porabila približno 12000 TJ (pribl. 3,3 TWh) električne energije. K pokrivanju te porabe lahko gospodinjstva prispevajo z lastnimi sončnimi elektrarnami. Slednje sončno obsevanje pretvorijo neposredno v električno energijo. Za izdelavo sončnih celic se uporabljajo različni materiali, skupna lastnost katerih je sposobnost neposredne pretvorbe sončne v električno energijo (fotonapetostni učinek). Fotonapetostne sisteme delimo na samostojne in omrežne. Omrežni sistem mora biti priključen po navodilih sistemskega operaterja distribucijskega omrežja z električno energijo. Aktualen ukrep, ki omogoča proizvodnjo električne energije gospodinjstev in s tem znižanje lastne porabe, je samooskrba z električno energijo. Kljub aktualnosti samooskrbe z električno energijo je vprašljiva njena ekonomska upravičenost in njen vpliv na omrežje. To lahko predstavlja težko premostljivo oviro, če upoštevamo, da naj bi imela sončna energija bistveno vlogo pri izpolnjevanju evropskih zahtev glede rabe obnovljivih virov energije.Human emissions of substances into the air have encouraged world politics to protect the environment. In addition to other measures and regulations for environmental protection, the European Union encourages Slovenia to use the so-called renewable energy sources. To increase the use of renewable energy sources, a National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources was established in Slovenia. According to the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, the share of gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources in Slovenia in 2018 amounted to 21.15%, which is less than the set target. In the same year, households consumed approximately 12,000 TJ (approx. 3.3 TWh) of electricity. Households can contribute to covering this consumption with their own solar power plants, which converts solar radiation directly into electricity. Various materials are used to produce solar cells, a common feature of which is the ability to convert solar radiation into electricity (photovoltaic effect). Photovoltaic systems are divided into stand-alone and grid-connected systems. Grid-connected system must be connected according to the instructions of the system operator. A current measure that enables households to generate electricity and thus reduce their own consumption is net metering service option. Despite its topicality, its economic viability and its impact on the grid are questionable. If we consider solar energy as the main solution to meet European renewable energy requirements for usage of renewable energy sources, then this can be a difficult obstacle to overcome