Basic Competences of Future Primary School Teachers as a Pedagogical Problem of Modernity

У статті здійснено теоретичний аналіз категорії базових компетентностей майбутніх учителів початкової школи в сучасних науково-педагогічних дослідженнях. Узагальнено сучасний стан розробленості проблеми в науково-педагогічних джерелах; висвітлено сутність понять «компетенція», «компетентність», «компетентнісний підхід», «базові компетентності майбутніх учителів початкової школи», «ознаки сформованості базових компетентностей». Проаналізовано компетентності на основі освітньо-професійної програми першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти галузі знань 01 Освіта/Педагогіка зі спеціальності 013 «Початкова освіта» на педагогічному факультеті ДВНЗ «Прикарпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника».The article provides a theoretical analysis of the category of basic competencies of future primary school teachers in modern scientific and pedagogical studies. The current state of elaboration of the problem in scientific and pedagogical sources is generalized; the essence of the concepts “competence”, “competence approach”, “basic competences of future primary school teachers”, “features of basic competences formation” are highlighted. The content of competencies is analyzed on the basis of the educational-professional program of the first (bachelor’s) level of higher education in the field of knowledge 01 Education/Pedagogy in specialty 013 “Primary education” at the pedagogical faculty of Precarpathian National University named after Vasyl Stefanyk. An analysis of these definitions shows that most scholars consider competence to be an integral phenomenon that brings together the knowledge, skills, abilities and experience of future teachers. Scientific sources highlight a variety of competencies that must be mastered by a future primary school teacher while studying at a higher education institution. However, a significant number of concepts defined as basic, distracts higher school teachers and complicates the process of forming the most important competencies for students. According to the author of the article, formation of basic competencies would be more effective if implemented on the basis of didactic principles, namely through: the principle of cordocentrism, characterized by the priority of spiritual and moral dimensions of the educational process over pragmatic and organizational and functional and encourages students to understand pedagogical reality. not only through thinking, but also through the “heart”; the principle of constructive pedagogical interaction, which involves creation of a positive cognitive field in which each subject of the educational process feels comfortable; principles of gamification and early diagnosis and development of professional interests, on the basis of which students develop the ability to create play learning environments in accordance with the personal interests of pupils; the principle of sustainable professional development, introduction of which contributes to the formation of students’ ability to design their own professional image, to outline ways to improve it. The novelty of the author’s approach to this problem is that, taking into account the above principles, the didactic system of basic competencies, combining scientific and emotional components, will be aimed at enhancing creative scientific and pedagogical activities, will have a predictive nature and ensure sustainable professional development of future primary school teachers