Low temperature gasification of poultry litter in a lab-scale fluidized reactor

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Low temperature gasification of poultry litter (PL) was experimentally studied in a lab scale fluidized bed reactor. The experiments were carried out at three different equivalence ratios (ER) of 0.17; 0.21; 0.25 and temperature 700 °C, to investigate its impact on cold gas efficiency (CGE), carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), gas yield, lower calorific value (LCV), and tar evolution. Maximum CGE and LCV of the produced gas was 43.4% and 3.34 MJ/m 3 respectively at an ER of 0.25. The maximum CCE of 72% was attained at the highest value of ER (0.25). The gas yield showed an increasing trend with ER reaching its highest value of ~1 m 3 /kgdaf N2 free. Highest amount of total tar was 2.41 g/Nm 3 in the dry gas at the lowest tested ER. Styrene- xylene, phenol, and naphthalene, were the components with the highest concentrations of up to 30%, whilst the tar compounds detected but couldn't be identified ranged between 25-30% with respect to the total tar yield. The average compositions of the main components in permanent gases (vol %, dry basis) at the indicative value of the lowest ER were as follows: H2:7.87%, CH4:2.04%, CO: 6.37%, CO2:11.47%, C2H4:1%, and C2H6:0.22.Research Councils UK Centre for Sustainable Energ