Homogeneous Sobolev Metric of Order One on Diffeomorphism Groups on Real Line

In this article we study Sobolev metrics of order one on diffeomorphism groups on the real line. We prove that the space (Formula presented.) equipped with the homogeneous Sobolev metric of order one is a flat space in the sense of Riemannian geometry, as it is isometric to an open subset of a mapping space equipped with the flat (Formula presented.)-metric. Here (Formula presented.) denotes the extension of the group of all compactly supported, rapidly decreasing, or (Formula presented.)-diffeomorphisms, which allows for a shift toward infinity. Surprisingly, on the non-extended group the Levi-Civita connection does not exist. In particular, this result provides an analytic solution formula for the corresponding geodesic equation, the non-periodic Hunter-Saxton (HS) equation. In addition, we show that one can obtain a similar result for the two-component HS equation and discuss the case of the non-homogeneous Sobolev one metric, which is related to the Camassa-Holm equation. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York