Construction of reducible stochastic differential equation systems for tree height–diameter connections

This study proposes a general bivariate stochastic di erential equation model of population growth which includes random forces governing the dynamics of the bivariate distribution of size variables. The dynamics of the bivariate probability density function of the size variables in a population are described by the mixed-e ect parameters Vasicek, Gompertz, Bertalan y, and the gamma-type bivariate stochastic di erential equations (SDEs). The newly derived bivariate probability density function and its marginal univariate, as well as the conditional univariate function, can be applied for the modeling of population attributes such as the mean value, quantiles, and much more. The models presented here are the basis for further developments toward the tree diameter–height and height–diameter relationships for general purpose in forest management. The present study experimentally confirms the e ectiveness of using bivariate SDEs to reconstruct diameter–height and height–diameter relationships by using measurements obtained from mountain pine tree (Pinus mugo Turra) species dataset in LithuaniaMiškų ir ekologijos fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta