Problems of application of compulsory treatment in Lithuanian Criminal Law in the context of the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Pasaulyje siekiama įgyvendinti visų asmenų lygybę įskaitant ir asmenis, turinčius negalią. Šio tikslo siekimui buvo sudaryta Neįgaliųjų teisių konvencija. Konvencijos tikslas – asmenų su negalia integravimas į visuomenę bei lygių teisių palaikymas. Darbe aptariamas priverčiamųjų medicinos priemonių taikymas asmenims su psichikos negalia baudžiamojoje teisėje. Darbo metu analizuojama priverstinio gydymo atitiktis Konvencijai bei atskiri jos straipsniai, susiję su priverstiniu gydymu. Šiame darbe analizuojamas ir pats psichikos sutrikimo nustatymas, kuris yra pirminis kriterijus priverčiamųjų medicinos priemonių taikymo galimumui, eksperto bei paties asmens dalyvavimas procese sprendžiant dėl priverstinio gydymo jam taikymo. Darbe taip pat diskutuojama, ar grėsmė sau ir aplinkiniams, kaip vienas iš kriterijų taikyti priverstinį gydymą, yra galimas bei kokią įtaką priverčiamosios medicinos priemonės parinkimui turi paties asmens suvokimas ir ar tai išvis gali būti vertinama. Galiausiai darbe aptariama, ar asmenys, turintys psichikos sutrikimų, galėtų būti traukiami baudžiamojon atsakomybėn vienodai su tais, kurie neturi psichikos sutrikimų bei atsakoma į klausimą, ar priverčiamosios medicinos priemonės vis tik kada nors galimos remiantis Konvencija. Atlikus įvairių mokslininkų straipsnių analizę bei išanalizavus Konvencijos nuostatas paaiškėjo, kad tiesiogiai Konvencija nedraudžia, tačiau taip pat ir neleidžia priverstinio gydymo. Vis tik lygybės užtikrinimas asmenims, turintiems psichikos negalią, nebūtinai reiškia identišką traktavimą visais klausimais. Todėl tam tikrais atvejais priverstinis gydymas turėtų būti leidžiamas.The world aims is equality for all people including those with disabilities. To achieve this the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was concluded. The aims of the Convention is the integration of persons with disabilities into society and the promotion of equal rights. The paper discusses the use of compulsory treatment for people with disabilities. The work analyzes the compliance of involuntary treatment with the Convention and its separate articles related to involuntary treatment in criminal law. Three specific articles are discussed. Article 14 which states that that any deprivation of liberty is in conformity with the law, and that the existence of a disability shall in no case justify a deprivation of liberty. Article 17 which states that every person with disabilities has a right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity on an equal basis with others. And finally the most important Article 12 which states that persons with disabilities enjoy legal capacity on an equal basis with others in all aspects of life. This work also analyzes the diagnosis of mental disorder itself, which is the primary criterion for the possibility of applying compulsory treatment. It discusses the importance of the participation of the expert. Also it discusses weather it is important for the person of deciding on the application of compulsory treatment to participate in the process. The paper also discusses whether the threat to oneself and those around the person with disabilities, as one of the criteria for applying involuntary treatment is possible, also the analysis of the court cases was made to understand if the seriousness of the crime committed may have an impact on how strict compulsory treatment is going to be. In addition to that is was discussed what influence the perception of the individual has on the choice of involuntary treatment and whether it can be assessed at all. Finally, the paper discusses whether people with mental disorders could be prosecuted on an equal basis with those without mental disorders, and answers the question of whether involuntary treatment ever available under the Convention. The analysis of various articles by scholars and the analysis of the provisions of the Convention revealed that the Convention does not directly prohibit, but also does not allow involuntary treatment. However, ensuring equality for people with mental disabilities does not necessarily mean treating them equally in all matters. Therefore, involuntary treatment should be allowed in certain cases.Teisės fakulteta