Add to ORKGThe major annual report on philanthropic giving for Germany is the Bilanz des Helfens. The Deutscher Spendenrat (German Council for Donations) collects data by surveying a representative group of 10,000 people about their charitable activity to represent individual giving for everyone above 10 years of age. Thus, for philanthropic outflows by individuals, the school used the 2018 Bilanz des Helfens. For foundation giving to international charitable causes, an estimate was derived using the information in the 2017 Stiftungsreport published by the Bundesverband Deutscher Stiftungen. Although specific numbers for international philanthropy do not exist for the other areas of giving, for example with corporate philanthropy, there is third-party...