Issues to be considered in passive water sampling

A wide distribution of biocides in the industrial activities and households around the world has become the reason for the ecological anxiety due to the high toxicity of these chemicals even in low concentrations; therefore it is necessary to control the presence of hazardous substances in the environment. In this regard, environmental monitoring is an effective tool for establishing the baseline quality and defining environmental trends that will be used for policy and plan development and its implementation. Passive sampling is one of the most effective methods of environmental monitoring discussed in the thesis. This thesis was dedicated to identifying possible factors influencing passive sampling in wa-ter based on a literature review that provided the basics of passive sampling and identified possible factors that need to be considered in this monitoring method. The practical work involving the use of available polymers to test their ability to adsorb chlorophenol com-pounds and define issues encountered in practice. In this study, the following factors influenced the result: the need to derivatize chlorophenols before GC/MS analysis, careful pipetting of solutions into water samples, and selection of appropriate solvents for the extraction of chemicals that do not dissolve the materials. Most of the faced issues can be minimized or eliminated by following sampling standards and care operations. In future, it could be recommended to conduct more research if studied polymers are planned to use in quantitative sampling