Reduction of aldehydes to alcohols

Alkoholi su organski spojevi koji sadrže hidroksilnu funkcijsku skupinu (-OH) vezanu na sp3 hibridizirani ugljikov atom. Za razliku od alkana i alkil halogenida, ova skupina ima dvije reaktivne kovalentne veze, C – O i O – H vezu, koje snažno pridonose fizikalnim svojstvima alkohola. Mogu se pripremiti iz različitih vrsta spojeva, a jedan on načina je redukcijom aldehida. Najčešće korišteni redukcijski reagens pri redukciji aldehida jest \( NaBH_{4}\). U ovom radu sintetizirana su dva alkohola iz odgovarajućih dialdehida. Reakcija je izvedena uz pomoć redukcijskog sredstva \( NaBH_{4}\) u tetrahidrofuranu i etanolu kao reakcijskom mediju. Nastali produkti su karakterizirani FT-IR spektroskopijom i \( ^{1}H\) NMR spektroskopijom, te im je određena temperatura tališta.Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) attached to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom. Unlike alkanes and alkyl halides, this group has two reactive covalent bonds, the C – O and O – H bonds, which strongly contribute to the physical properties of alcohol. They can be prepared from many different types of compounds, and one way is to reduce the aldehydes. The most commonly used reducing reagents is \( NaBH_{4}\). In this thesis, two alcohols were synthesized from the aldehydes. The reaction was performed using the reducing agent \( NaBH_{4}\) in tetrahydrofuran and ethanol as a reaction medium. Synthesized products were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, \( ^{1}H\) NMR spectroscopy, and their melting point was determined