Analytic methdos of heavy metals determination in plant materials : bachelor thesis

U prirodi su prisutne veće koncentracije teških metala čiji uzrok možemo tražiti u prirodi ili antropogenom djelovanju. Teški metali su, po definiciji, elementi gustoće veće od 5 g/cm 3 . Dok neki mogu biti osnovni nutrijenti, ostali mogu biti otrovni. Oni u ljudskom organizmu izazivaju razne poremećaje karcinogene i nekarcinogene prirode, a može doći do trovanja konzumiranjem hrane biljnog podrijetla. Kroz zakonsku regulativu je propisana dozvoljena količina teških metala u istoj. Do apsorpcije i skladištenja teških metala iz tla u biljke dolazi putem niza transportnih mehanizama koji inače služe za apsorpciju mikronutrijenata. Različite biljne vrste imaju i različita apsorpcijska svojstva, radi čega je važno definirati faktor prijenosa koji označava odnos koncentracije teških metala u biljkama i one u odgovarajućem tlu. Da bi ga odredili u istraživanju je važno uzeti u obzir i analizu tla koja je, kao i analiza biljnih materijala, propisana određenim protokolima koji slijede iz zakonske rgulative. Priprema uzoraka se može odvijati na dva načina: mokrim i suhim razaranjem, od kojih obje imaju svoje prednosti i nedostatke. Pripremljeni uzorci dalje se analizira različitim instrumentnim tehnikama, najčešće AAS - om, ICP - MS - om, ICP - AES - om ili HG - AFS - omHigher concentrations of heavy metals are present in nature, the cause of which can be found in nature or anthropogenic activity. Heavy metals are, by definition, elements with a density greater than 5 g / cm 3 . While some can be essential nutrients, others can be toxic. They cause various disorders of carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic nature in the human body, and poisoning can occur by consuming food of plant origin. The legal regulations prescribe the permitted amount of heavy metals in it. The absorption and storage of heavy metals from the soil into plants occurs through a series of transport mechanisms that otherwise serve to absorb micronutrients. Different plant species also have different absorption properties, which is why it is important to define a transfer factor that indicates the ratio of the concentration of heavy metals in plants and those in the corresponding soil. In order to determine it, it is important to take into account the analysis of the soil, which, as well as the analysis of plant materials, is prescribed by certain protocols and the regulations. Sample preparation can be performed in two ways: wet and dry destruction, both of which have their advantages and disadvantages. The prepared samples can be analysed by different instrumental techniques such as AAS, ICP - MS, ICP - AES or HG - AFS