Church Attendance and Religious change Pooled European dataset (CARPE): a survey harmonization project for the comparative analysis of long-term trends in individual religiosity

Despite the long-lasting interest in religious change, debates on the topic have been heated and are still far from being settled. In order to provide a reliable data source through which to study these dynamics, the CARPE project harmonizes well-known international surveys containing items concerning religiosity (the ESS, Eurobarometer, EVS, ISSP and WVS). This makes it possible to broaden the available observation window, both across countries and over time. Moreover, the opportunities this provides for comparing different survey programmes also enable researchers to analyse the consistency of the results, minimizing the impact of random fluctuations and providing useful information with respect to thedegree of confidence which can be placed on the relevant estimates. The main focus of thiscumulative approach is the variable regarding church attendance, which has been harmonizedin various ways. All in all, the CARPE dataset contains figures of religious practicefor 45 countriesspanning the period of 1970\u20132016 and derived from 1665 national surveys.This results in a sample of approximately 1.8 million individual observations. Theaim of this contribution is to present the dataset\u2019s composition, the harmonization procedureadopted, the strategy used to combine the single datasets and the reliability testswhich have been performed. Finally, some possible applications of the CARPE dataset willbe introduced