Pulling for Better Understanding of Newton\u27s Laws

We present a kinesthetic active learning activity, based on tug-of-war, that challenges upper secondary education and undergraduate learners to engage with Newton\u27s laws. The learning module has two parts. In the first part students analyse the game using common introductory physics concepts. They use those insights to make predictions about what factors affect the outcome of the game. In the experimental part of the activity, students first use a load cell to measure the force of tension produced by pulling against a fixed object while standing on various surfaces. The effective coefficient of friction for each interface is calculated from this data. Next, students compete in, observe, and analyse a series of tug-of-war games in which the tension in the rope is again measured and a local positioning system simultaneously tracks the position of the rope. We present example data and results for these activities and compare them to the predictions. In particular, we show the tension force in the rope typically decreases as one team gains the upper hand. This is evidence that forcing the opposing team to lose balance, which makes it difficult for them to apply their maximum force, is a key factor in winning a game of tug-of-war