Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Ti3SiC2: I, ultra-high-speed neutron diffraction study of the reaction mechanism

In situ neutron diffraction at 0.9 s time resolution was used to reveal the reaction mechanism during the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of Ti 3 SiC 2 from furnaceignited stoichiometric 3Ti ؉ SiC ؉ C mixtures. The diffraction patterns indicate that the SHS proceeded in five stages: (i) preheating of the reactants, (ii) the ␣ 3 ␤ phase transformation in Ti, (iii) preignition reactions, (iv) the formation of a single solid intermediate phase in <0.9 s, and (v) the rapid nucleation and growth of the product phase Ti 3 SiC 2 . No amorphous contribution to the diffraction patterns from a liquid phase was detected and, as such, it is unlikely that a liquid phase plays a major role in this SHS reaction. The intermediate phase is believed to be a solid solution of Si in TiC such that the overall stoichiometry is ϳ3Ti:1Si:2C. Lattice parameters and known thermal expansion data were used to estimate the ignition temperature at 923 ؎ 10°C (supported by the ␣ 3 ␤ phase transformation in Ti) and the combustion temperature at 2320 ؎ 50°C