THE POSSIBILITIES OF INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE CITY OF TUZLA The increase of energy consumption and production, with minor fluctuations in times of economic crises and 2.1. City and energy

Introduction As a result of rapid development due to the rapid influx of population into cities, the problems occur with housing, transport, supply, satisfying cultural and other needs of increased living standards. The problems and difficulties in their solving are even more acute in the cities built tissue and to a lesser extent in the cities of underdeveloped economy, the peripheral parts of the cities and suburbs. In their own way those problems are reflected on the partially built or not built up territory within these settlements Solving urban problems started when there was a need to expand the settlements for residential and industrial construction. Such interventions have adversely affected the economy of narrower and wider areas. The city becomes a complex and dynamic organism which turns into an organized system composed of many subsystems. The progress and activities of urban units and the wider area depend on the development of municipal infrastructure and the level of planning. If the utility infrastructure elements are correctly overviewed social relations and living standards rise to a higher level. From an energy point of view, all forms of energy use, electricity sector, the sector of heating (space heating fuels) and the transport sector are interesting in the city. Today the EU and the world are based on synergy and cooperation of at least two networked systems -electricity and gas. It is important to allow all the consumers access to at least two networked systems. Possible systems are gas, electricity, heat and steam. Studies are carried out as the separate analysis of non-renewable (all minerals) and renewable (hydropower, biomass, particularly density, wind, solar) energy sources Keywords: energy efficiency, energy consumption per capita, heating system, electric energy, public transport Preliminary notes U radu se analizira potrošnja svih oblika energije u gradu Tuzli kao i ukupna potrošnja energije. Prvi aspekt analize je veliki problem neracionalne potrošnje energije u gradu Tuzli. Zbog toga postoji hitna potreba smanjenja potrošnje svih oblika energije u gradu Tuzli. Ostali aspekti potrošnje svih oblika energije u gradu Tuzli su veliki energetski intenzitet, zagađenje okoliša, povećanje energetske efikasnosti novim investicijama kroz povoljne kreditne linije na temelju uštede energije. Ključne riječi: energetska učinkovitost, potrošnja energije po glavi stanovnika, sustav grijanja, električna energija, javni prijevoz Prethodno priopćenje Mogućnost povećanja energetske učinkovitosti u gradu Tuzli Mogućnost povećanja energetske učinkovitosti u gradu Tuzli Tehni ki vjesnik č 19, 1(2012) 131-139 , securing the balance needs and on the course and scope of installing energy capacities are made. All the reflections on this subject indicate that the consideration of long-term energy development as a field of economic infrastructure, the predecessor and conditions of general social development, should be allocated to a much longer period than it has been the practice in the world so far. This is confirmed not only by the rapid growth in consumption but also by the results of the era of scientific-technical revolution, of which we are participants and which should be assessed at such longer periods, their timely implementation monitored and ensured. In the early stages of their organized life men satisfied all their energy needs from biomass, mainly from timber. At the same time mankind began to use wind and water energy and later on organized exploitation of coal, oil, gas, bituminous shale and nuclear materials, in order to warm the living space and to get the energy from them. At present, mankind has started a significant use of non-conventional energy sources, wind energy, solar, tidal and geothermal energy. Non-conventional sources are already quite significant in meeting energy needs, particularly in some regions of the world. Today the world is permanently oriented to obtain energy from non-conventional (non-classical) sources caused by many reasons, including: A real opportunity to get cheap energy from these sources, Significantly less environmental pollution, Depletion of resources of fossil and nuclear materials, Population growth accompanied by a constant increase in the need and faster development of the so-called third world countries (China, India, etc.)