Detailed Measurements of Vertical Annular Two-Phase Flow—Part II: Gas Core Turbulence,"

Introduction The simultaneous flow of gas and liquid in a duct or pipe can produce a large number of spatial configurations of the phases due to the deformable interface between them. However, for many years it has been realized that for certain combinations of flow rates these configurations can be characterized by a common description. For example, in vertical upflow at high gas rates, part of the liquid flows as a film on the channel walls while the rest is carried as drops by the gas flowing in the center of the channel. This type of behavior is usually termed annular or annular-mist flow. This flow pattern is important as it occurs of many pieces of industrial equipment such as boilers and gas/condensate wells. Design of such equipment requires knowledge of first-order parameters such as pressure drop. However, there is also a need for more detailed information such as film thickness or the split of liquid between drops and film. These are necessary for models of pressure drop with a sound physical basis as well calculation of heat transfer and processes such as erosion and erosion/corrosion. Though there are a number of publication which report drop sizes, hitherto, only the papers b