ENGINEERING FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT ALGORITHM OF CONTROLLING REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATOR WITH NONLINEAR LOADS

Abstract. A possibility of controlling the reactive power compensator for non-sinusoidal modes is considered by using the algorithm for decomposition of instant power into components in the modes of phase shift of the current comparatively supplying voltages and distortion in the form of the current curve at real time. A comparison is made between two calculation methods for determining the compensator current that is connected in parallel to the nonlinear load. The effectiveness of the proposed calculation methodology is confirmed by the results of simulation modeling. Key words: algorithm, instant power, forming powers, compensator, power factor. Introduction The development of power electronics, success in the creation of microprocessor systems and the constant tightening of the requirements for saving electricity have led to a paradoxical situation. In order to save electricity, various adjustable electric power converters are created, allowing only the necessary minimum energy to be transmitted to the actuator. But along with this, the converters consume in most cases a non-linear current, which is the source of a wide range of disturbances in electric networks, which in turn leads to a deterioration in the quality of electrical energy, increased energy losses and a decrease in the performance of electrical equipment. Currently, insufficient attention is paid to issues of reactive power compensation in rural electric networks. This problem is most relevant for rural electric networks, where losses of electrical energy due to low power quality indicators account for up to 30 % of the total losses. Also, the reactive current additionally loads the transmission lines, which leads to an increase in the cross-sections of wires and cables and, accordingly, to an increase in the capital costs for external and in-site networks; Reactive power, along with active power, is accounted for by the electricity supplier and is payable at current tariffs, and therefore accounts for a significant portion of the electricity bills. The purpose of this work is to increase the effectiveness of informational, measuring and control systems for reactive power compensation plants for agricultural and industrial consumers operating under non-sinusoidal modes. The purpose is achieved by using the control algorithm of the reactive power compensator. The algorithm is based on the decomposition of the instantaneous power curve into components in real time. The control algorithm is valid for the cases of lead advance or lag with respect to the voltage and the mismatch of the voltage and voltage curves of the network and the load current. Personal computers, uninterruptible power supplies, gas-discharge lamps, servo drives, variable speed motors are non-linear loads and the current, consumed by these consumers, has an expressed impulse character and is a non-sinusoidal periodic signal, having in its composition higher harmonic components. It should be noted that the share of these electricity consumers in the agricultural sector is steadily growing due to the intensive introduction of modern technologies for the production and processing of agricultural products. An obvious method of increasing the efficiency of electricity transmission with established quality indicators, especially for nonlinear loads, is reactive power compensation. It is known that the theory of reactive power is very ambiguous, and sometimes contradictory. In the literary review of this work [1] is noted that "the beginning of the theory development of energy processes was laid in the last century by the works of M. Dolevo-Dobrovolsky, C. Steinmetz, C. Puglia and other scientists. By the end of the past century, the concepts of active, "wattless" (reactive) power and electrical resistance for circuits with sinusoidal currents and voltages were formulated. However, the actual theory of energy processes in circuits with non-sinusoidal current