Exploration and Research of Geothermal Resources in Beijing, China

ABSTRACT The earliest geothermal exploration in Beijing begain in 1956 for the purpose of exploration and resource assessment for Xiaotangshan Hot Spring Sanatorium. In 1970, geothermal was recognized as a new form of energy in China. Geothermal exploration was carried out in Beijing urban area at that time. The Beijing Urban Geothermal Field was confirmed by three successful geothermal wells in the ensuing year. Following this success, continuous geothermal exploration extended range and depth of the field and the identified reserves were enlarged progressively. Up to now four geothermal zones have been recognized. Ten geothermal fields were divided with a total area of 2,760 km 2 . The temperature ranges between 36C and 118.5C. The type of the geothermal water is mainly HCO 3 -Na. The contents for SiO 2 , F and some Rn and Ra have reached the index of mineral water. Give consideration to both exploitation and protection, geothermal resources were controlled to exploit 10 million m 3 per year in Beijing. It was used for district heating, greenhouse planting, aquaculture feeding, bath and medical treatment, and tourism relax and resort. Geothermal water was realized integrated use, especially in Nangong village where it has created a conversion from traditional agricultural cultivation economy to modern geothermal economy. Since the 1950s, Beijing has carried out geothermal monitoring. Geothermal reinjection tests started in the 1970s. Beijing started to implement the geothermal resources management in 1984. Since the 2000s, Beijing has realized a beneficial geothermal reinjection program, with highest record over 60% of reinjection/production rate in Xiaotangshan geothermal field. All these measures have ensured a sustainable development for the renewable geothermal energy. Beijing pays attention to international cooperation and exchange in geothermal works. We have learned advanced technology and experiences from the world, which has directed and enhanced our work and research