Digital Object Identifier Computing and Visualization in Science A framework for computational anatomy

Abstract. The rapid collection of brain images from healthy and diseased subjects has stimulated the development of powerful mathematical algorithms to compare, pool and average brain data across whole populations. Brain structure is so complex and variable that new approaches in computer vision, partial differential equations, and statistical field theory are being formulated to detect and visualize diseasespecific patterns. We present some novel mathematical strategies for computational anatomy, focusing on the creation of population-based brain atlases. These atlases describe how the brain varies with age, gender, genetics, and over time. We review applications in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and brain development, outlining some current challenges in the field