Analyzing uncertainties in lake water: A review

ABSTRACT A lake may be defined as an enclosed body of water (usually freshwater) totally surrounded by land and with no direct access to the sea. Lakes are sometime subjected to wastewater discharges originating from different sources. Chemicals such as nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon in certain concentration might distort and disrupt aquatic ecosystem. Eutrophication of inland water bodies has become synonymous with the deterioration of water quality, which interferes with most of its beneficial uses. Now a day's many human activities creates the pollution in and around the water body, due to which natural status of lakes may come in the danger zone of water pollution. The quality of water usually is described according to its physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Rapid industrialization and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture are causing heavy and varied pollution in aquatic environment leading to deterioration of water quality and depletion of aquatic biota. Due to the use of contaminated water, human population suffers from water borne diseases. It is therefore necessary to check the water quality at regular intervals of time. This review paper gives a brief overview about lake, its classification and the various factors affecting its water quality. Moreover problem of eutrophication is also discussed in detail. Various parameters required for analyzing water quality along with water quality index are also discussed