REVIEW ARTICLE REVIEW ON IMMUNE MEDIATED ( TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Abstract: Diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. Several pathogenetic processes are involved in the development of diabetes. These include processes which destroy the beta cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin efficiency, and others that result in resistance to insulin action. The abnormalities of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism .are due to deficient action of insulin on tissues resulting from insensitivity or lack of insulin. Type I diabetes mellitus results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. It indicates the processes of beta cells destruction that may ultimately lead to diabetes mellitus in which insulin is required for survival as it keeps the blood sugar level under control. High levels of glucose are responsible for the symptoms and complications of the disease